Hormonal alterations in PCOS and its influence on bone metabolism

  1. Sridhar Muthusami⇑
  1. Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
  1. Correspondence should be addressed to S Muthusami; Email: sridharuniv{at}gmail.com or sridhar.m{at}kahedu.edu.in
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    Figure 1

    Schematic representation showing the effects of insulin on bone formation at physiological level. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

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    Figure 2

    Schematic representation showing the possible effects of increased levels of circulating insulin levels and insulin resistance in women suffering from PCOS. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

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    Figure 3

    Schematic representation showing the effects of androgen/(s) on BMD. AC, adenylate cyclase; cAMP, cyclic adenosine mono phosphate; PKA, Protein kinase A; DHEA, dehydroepiandosterone. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

  4. Figure 4
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    Figure 4

    Schematic representation showing possible effects of elevated androgen/(s) level during PCOS on BMD. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

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    Figure 5

    Schematic representation showing the possible effects of PCOS on cortisol level and BMD. 5α R, 5α-reductase; 11β-HSD, 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 20β-, 20β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

  6. Figure 6
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    Figure 6

    Possible mechanisms involving hyperinsulinemia, IGFBP-1 and IGF-1 in PCOS. These data show that the GH deficiency seen in PCOS patients can directly affect bone remodeling and can decrease BMD. A detailed study regarding which of the six IGFBPs is getting altered in PCOS subjects will help to understand whether there is catabolic or anabolic change occurring in bone during PCOS in relation to IGFBP level. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

  7. Figure 7
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    Figure 7

    Schematic representation showing the possible effects of PCOS on growth hormone level (GH) and BMD. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

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    Figure 8

    Schematic representation of the effect of PCOS on bone in relation to vitamin D, PTH and calcitonin. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

  9. Figure 9
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    Figure 9

    Schematic representation of various hormonal alterations in PCOS and its possible relation to the reduced BMD. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JOE-16-0405.

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This Article

  1. Published online before print November 28, 2016, doi: 10.1530/JOE-16-0405 J Endocrinol 232 R99-R113
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