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  1. ...formation are not coupled to the hormone’s actions to increase bone resorption. Leptin acts through the CNS as a permissive factor for release of the neurohormone GnRH from the pituitary (Barkan et al. 2005), which in turn stimulates an increase in estrogen secretion from the ovaries. Estrogen deficiency...
  2. ...primordial follicles are formed in rodents. After that, these primordial follicles develop, in turn, to primary, secondary, tertiary and eventually Graafian follicles (McGee & Hsueh 2000). Throughout  these reproductive periods of the female, sex hormones secreted by the corresponding organs...
  3. ...DOI: 10.1530/JOE-16-0425 http://.endocrinology-journals.org © 2017 The authors Printed in Great Britain Published by Bioscientifica Ltd. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. 351–362n martínez-sánchez and others Thyroid hormones and browningResearch 232...
  4. ...diabetes. Several studies have shown that expression of Steap4 is modulated by inflammatory cytokines, hormones and other indicators of cellular stress and that STEAP4 may protect cells from damage, helping to maintain normal metabolic function. STEAP4 appears to be particularly relevant in metabolically...
  5. ...://.endocrinology-journals.org © 2017 Society for Endocrinology Printed in Great Britain Published by Bioscientifica Ltd. 233:3 samples were centrifuged at 500 g, and the serum was frozen until analysis. Levels of the bone formation marker, N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) and the bone resorption marker, cross-linked C...
  6. ...& Manolagas SC 1999 Increased bone formation by prevention of osteoblast apoptosis with parathyroid hormone. Journal of Clinical Investigation 104 439–446. (doi:10.1172/JCI6610) Johnson RW, White JD, Walker EC, Martin TJ & Sims NA 2014a Myokines (muscle-derived cytokines and chemokines) including ciliary...
  7. ...endochondral bone formation is complete, they move into the bone marrow space with somemultinucleated cells, but small, even mononuclear, osteoclasts also exist and can be fully functional. Osteoclast formation and survival and their unique ability to resorb bone are controlled by signalling pathways leading...
  8. ...that myometrial inflammation is a consequence of the onset of labour. To test this hypothesis, we have obtained myometrial samples from women at various stages of pregnancy and spontaneous labour and studied the activation of the AP-1 (c-Jun) and NFκB (p65) systems, cytokine mRNA expression and protein levels...
  9. ..., and this occurs via bone resorption and calcium retention (Kousteni & Bilezikian 2008). Continual release of PTH 1–84 or administration of PTH 1–34 and PTHrP 1–36 caused declines in bone mineral density and bone formation and increased bone resorption (Hansen et al. 2010, Horwitz et al. 2011); however, when...
  10. ...the literature, these signals are generally thought to consist of growth factors and cytokines. Although these signals are also at the heart of angiogenesis in the gravid uterus, there are also those who believe that the hormones of pregnancy (namely, human chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol and progesterone) can...
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