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Journal of Endocrinology (2005) 185, 223-234       DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06059
© 2005 Society for Endocrinology
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REVIEW

Role of oestrogen in the regulation of bone turnover at the menarche

Richard Eastell

Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Division of Clinical Sciences (North), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

(Requests for offprints should be addressed to R Eastell, Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK; Email: r.eastell{at}sheffield.ac.uk)

The rise in oestrogen levels at menarche in girls is associated with a large reduction in bone turnover markers. This reduction reflects the closure of the epiphyseal growth plates, the reduction in periosteal apposition and endosteal resorption within cortical bone, and in bone remodelling within cortical and cancellous bone. Oestrogen promotes these changes, in part, by promoting apoptosis of chondrocytes in the growth plate and osteoclasts within cortical and cancellous bone. The period of early puberty is associated with an increased risk of fracture, particularly of the distal forearm, and this may be related to the high rate of bone turnover. A late menarche is a consistent risk factor for fracture and low bone mineral density in the postmenopausal period; models that might explain this association are considered.




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