20 YEARS OF LEPTIN: Leptin in common obesity and associated disorders of metabolism

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   Figure 1

   The remarkable impact of r-metHuLeptin on body weight in children with congenital leptin deficiency. (A) Weights of child A compared with normal centiles for girls and of child B and child C compared with normal centiles for boys. Arrows indicate the start of r-metHuLeptin therapy. (B) Clinical photographs of child B before (height, 107 cm) and 24 months after r-metHuLeptin therapy (height, 124 cm). Reproduced from Farooqi IS, Matarese G, Lord GM, Keogh JM, Lawrence E, Agwu C, Sanna V, Jeff SA, Perna F, Fontana S, et al. 2002 Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency. Journal of Clinical Investigation 110 1093–1103, with permission from the American Society for Clinical Investigation. Copyright 2002.
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   Figure 2

   Relationship between r-metHuLeptin (rL) dose and body weight change. Reproduced, with permission, from Heymsfield SB, Greenberg AS, Fujioka K, Dixon RM, Kushner R, Hunt T, Lubina JA, Patane J, Self B, Hunt P et al. 1999 Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 282 1568–1575. Copyright (1999) American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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   Figure 3

   Weight-loss effect of combined amylin and leptin in DIO rats and overweight/obese humans. (A) Change in body weight for DIO rats pretreated for 14 days with amylin and then maintained on amylin (open triangles) or switched to either leptin monotherapy or amylin+leptin combination therapy for an additional 28 days. (B) Change in body weight for 93 evaluable human subjects pretreated with pramlintide for 4 weeks and then treated with pramlintide, metreleptin, or pramlintide+metreleptin combination. Mean±s.e.m. (A) and LS mean±s.e.m. (B): *P<0.05 vs vehicle controls; ^#P<0.01, ^##P<0.01, and ^###P<0.001 vs monotherapies.

• © 2014 Society for Endocrinology