Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation

  1. A L Fowden1⇑
  1. 1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
    2Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
  1. Correspondence should be addressed to A L Fowden; Email: alf1000{at}cam.ac.uk
  1. View larger version:
    Figure 1

    Schematic diagram showing the factors affecting the bioavailability of thyroid hormones in the fetus, placenta, and mother. TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; rT3, reverse T3; T2, diiodothyronine; S, sulfated; D1, D2, and D3, deiodinases; OATP, organic anion transporters; LAT1 and LAT2, l-type amino acid transporters 1 and 2; MCT8 and MCT10, monocarboxylate transporters 8 and 10.

  2. View larger version:
    Figure 2

    Schematic diagram showing the role of the thyroid hormones in the growth and development of the fetus during the second half of gestation. T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; BAT, brown adipose tissue; ANS, autonomic nervous system; ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; UCP, uncoupling protein.

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  1. Published online before print March 19, 2014, doi: 10.1530/JOE-14-0025 J Endocrinol 221 R87-R103
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