Adipocytokines in obesity and metabolic disease

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   Figure 1

   Adipocytokines and metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue. Adipocytokines derived from adipose tissue are the results of intertwined interaction between adipocytes and immune cells that infiltrate adipose tissue. Adipocytokines mediate crosstalk among different cell populations within adipose tissue and also travel to remote organs to regulate systemic energy metabolism. The level and action of adipocytokines are often altered in obese subjects, which contribute to obesity-induced disorders.
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   Figure 2

   aP2 as a lipid-activated adipokine. aP2 is secreted from adipocytes through a process that is regulated by fasting and lipolysis. Circulating aP2 acts on liver tissue to stimulate the gluconeogenic program and enhance hepatic glucose production. Other potential functions of aP2 in local adipose–macrophage interaction and on other metabolic organs warrant further investigation.

• © 2014 Society for Endocrinology