Effects of exercise on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite

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   Figure 1

   (a) Haemoglobin levels (mg/dl) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (♦) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant main effects of time, condition or time × condition interaction. (b) Hematocrit (%) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (♦) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant main effects of time, condition or time × condition interaction.
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   Figure 2

   (a) Plasma NEFA concentrations (mmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant main effects of time or condition but a significant time × condition interaction (P < 0.0001). (b) Plasma TAG concentrations (mmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant main effects of time or condition but a significant time × condition interaction (P = 0.011). (c) Plasma glucose concentrations (mmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001), but no significant effect of condition or condition × time interaction.
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   Figure 4

   VAS scores for hunger over time during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001) and a condition × time interaction (P = 0.004).
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   Figure 3

   (a) Plasma PYY concentrations (pmol/L) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001) and a significant condition × time interaction (P = 0.038). (b) Plasma GLP-1 concentrations (pmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001), condition (P = 0.011) and condition × time interaction (P = 0.001). (c) Plasma PP concentrations (pmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001), condition (P = 0.001) and a condition × time interaction (P < 0.0001). (d) Plasma ghrelin concentrations (pmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (P < 0.0001), but no effect of condition or time × condition interaction. (e) Plasma insulin concentrations (pmol/l) over time, 1 h after a 500 kcal breakfast, during the exercise (▪) and control (⋄) trials. Values represent means ± s.e.m. for 12 subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant effect of time, and a trend towards a significant effects of condition (P = 0.066) and time × condition interaction (P = 0.069).

• Society for Endocrinology