Metformin reduces glycometabolism of papillary thyroid carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

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   Figure 1

   Effects of metformin on cell viability in human papillary thyroid cancer cells. *P < 0.05.
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   Figure 2

   Western blotting analysis of AMPK and p-AMPK in metformin-treated cells at different concentrations. (A) KTC1; (C) BCPAP; (B) and (D), semi-quantitative analysis of blots in (A) and (C), respectively. *P < 0.05.
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   Figure 3

   In vitro ¹⁸F-FDG uptake assay and western blotting analysis of HK2 and GLUT1 in metformin-treated cells at different concentrations. (A) and (C), KTC1; (B) and (E), BCPAP; (D) and (F), semi-quantitative analysis of blots in (C) and (E), respectively. *P < 0.05.
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   Figure 4

   Western blotting analysis of AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR in metformin-treated cells at different concentrations. (A) KTC1; (C) BCPAP; (B) and (D), semi-quantitative analysis of blots in (A) and (C), respectively. *P < 0.05.
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   Figure 5

   ¹⁸F-FDG MicroPET/CT imaging in non-metformin-/metformin-treated xenograft model of PTC. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JME-16-0134.
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   Figure 6

   (A) SUVmax ratio (T/NT) comparison between non-metformin- and metformin-treated xenograft model of PTC in ¹⁸F-FDG MicroPET/CT imaging. (B) Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry results. T, SUVmax of tumor; NT, SUVmax of nontarget reference (liver). *P < 0.05.
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   Figure 7

   Immunohistochemistry analysis of HK2 and GLUT1 expression in non-metformin- and metformin-treated PTC xenograft tissues. NC, negative control. A full colour version of this figure is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JME-16-0134.

• © 2017 Society for Endocrinology