Defining high-fat-diet rat models: metabolic and molecular effects of different fat types

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   Figure 1

   Energy intake (A) and weight gain (B) per week in Wistar rats fed different high-fat diets during the 12-week diet course. Given are the means±s.d. of 12 rats per diet group. Black boxes: lard-based, high-fat diet (HF-L); gray boxes: olive oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-O); white boxes: coconut fat-based, high-fat diet; black rhomboids: fish oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-F); white triangles: standard rodent chow (SC).
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   Figure 2

   Insulin tolerance tests in high-fat-fed rats. After establishment of baseline blood glucose levels, rats were challenged intraperitoneally with 0.15 mU/kg insulin. Blood glucose levels were monitored for 30 min. Given are the means±s.d. of 12 rats per diet group. Black boxes: lard-based, high-fat diet (HF-L); gray boxes: olive oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-O); white boxes: coconut fat-based, high-fat diet (HF-C); black rhomboids: fish oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-F); white triangles: standard rodent chow (SC). *P < 0.05 when comparing HF-L to SC; ^#P < 0.05 when comparing HF-O to SC.
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   Figure 3

   Liver histologies of high-fat-fed rats. Tissue samples were removed from the right ventral liver lobe directly postmortem and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde. Representative HE stains (magnification 100) prepared according to standard procedures are shown from Wistar rats fed the lard-based, high-fat diet (HF-L) (A), olive oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-O) (B), coconut fat-based, high-fat diet (HF-C) (C), fish oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-F) (D), or standard rodent chow (SC) (E).
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   Figure 4

   Hepatic gene expression analysis: relative fractions of up- and downregulated SREBP1c-, PPARα-, HNF-4α- and LXR-dependent genes. The relative hepatic mRNA abundance of 10 SREBP1c-regulated, 15 PPARα-regulated, three LXR-regulated and seven HNF-4α-regulated genes (see Tables 4 and 5 for the respective gene names) was measured by Affymetrix GeneChip analysis. The figures show the fraction of up- or downregulated genes in Wistar rats fed the lard-based, high-fat diet (HF-L) (A), olive oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-O) (B), coconut fat-based, high-fat diet (HF-C) (C) or fish oil-based, high-fat diet (HF-F) (D).
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   Figure 5

   Insulin secretion from islets isolated from high-fat-fed rats. Pancreatic islets were isolated from high-fat-fed rats and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (5.6 mM glucose), as described in the text. The insulin secretion per minute and islet (calculated from the supernatant insulin levels after 75 and 90 min) is given as box-whisker plot for the different diet groups. HF-L: lard-based, high-fat diet; HF-O: olive oil-based, high-fat diet; HF-C: coconut fat-based, high-fat diet; HF-F: fish oil-based, high-fat diet; SC: standard rodent chow. *P ≤ 0.05 when compared with SC.

• Society for Endocrinology