The optimal use of cardiac imaging in the quantification of carcinoid heart disease
- 1Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
2Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to R Dobson; Email: rebecca.dobson{at}liverpool.ac.uk
Abstract
Carcinoid heart disease is a rare cause of right-sided valvular dysfunction, primarily mediated by serotonin. It is an important complication in patients with carcinoid syndrome and occurs in 20–50% of such patients. Echocardiography is the main technique used for the assessment of carcinoid heart disease, but other imaging modalities are also important, particularly in the quantification of the severity of the disease. We sought to review the role of cardiac imaging in the assessment of carcinoid heart disease.
- Revision received 25 June 2013
- Accepted 24 July 2013
- Made available online as an Accepted Preprint 24 July 2013
- © 2013 Society for Endocrinology
