Figure 2
Neural pathways in circadian control of glucocorticoid release. See text for details. Arrows: black arrows: neural projections
targeting the HPA axis. Blue arrows: neural projections via the autonomic nervous system. Purple arrow: projection from the
DMH to the ‘autonomic PVN’ distinct from the SCN–adrenal gland pathway. Also the subPVZ projects into this region. Open arrows:
humoral transport through the vasculature. Clocks symbolise autonomous pacemakers. Abbreviations: Regions of the nervous system:
SCN, suprachiasmatic nucleus; subPVZ, subparaventricular zone; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus;
mpPVN, medioparvocellular division of the PVN; I, interneuron of the PVN; C, corticotrope cell of the pituitary; IML, intermediolateral
column of the spinal cord. Hormones and neurotransmitters: AVP, arginine vasopressine; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone;
ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone.