Figure 4
The role of glucagon and the glucagon receptor in the liver. Glucagon signalling regulates positively (+) or negatively (−)
the multiple steps of the hepatic glucose metabolism. This modulation affects the expression and/or the activity of several
enzymes of glucose metabolism. See text for details. ADCY, Adenylate cyclase; CREB, cAMP response element binding; F(1,6)P2,
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate; F(2,6)P2, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; F-6-P, fructose 6-phosphate; FBP1, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase;
FBP2, fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase; G-1-P, glucose 1-phosphate; G-6-P, glucose 6-phosphate; G6PC, glucose-6-phosphatase; GP,
glycogen phosphorylase; GS, glycogen synthase; IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; OAA, oxaloacetate; PC, pyruvate carboxylase;
PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PCK2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PFKM, phosphofructokinase-1; PPARGC1A, peroxisome proliferators-activated
receptor-γ coactivator-1; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PKLR, pyruvate kinase; PLC, phospholipase C; Pyr, pyruvate.
Dashed lines: red, inhibition; blue, stimulation.