| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Introduction: The adult testis has two important roles, namely the production of spermatozoa (fertility) and the secretion of testosterone which is needed for the expression of secondary sexual characteristics (virility). These functions depend on stimulation by the pituitary gonadotrophins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are stimulated by hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Testosterone is secreted by the Leydig cells under LH stimulation and is essential for promoting spermatogenesis. While FSH has a role in the development of the immature testis (Orth 1993), controversy persists as to whether FSH is essential for the maintenance of adult spermatogenesis. A better understanding of the hormonal requirements of adult spermatogenesis is needed for the development of rational treatments for human infertility and in designing contraceptive strategies.
This review will outline the data regarding the roles of testosterone and FSH in adult spermatogenesis and follows previous discussion in this Journal (Rommerts 1988, Sharpe
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  W. H. Walker Non-classical actions of testosterone and spermatogenesis Phil Trans R Soc B, May 27, 2010; 365(1546): 1557 - 1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 A. Garcia-Lopez, H. de Jonge, R. H. Nobrega, P. P. de Waal, W. van Dijk, W. Hemrika, G. L. Taranger, J. Bogerd, and R. W. Schulz Studies in Zebrafish Reveal Unusual Cellular Expression Patterns of Gonadotropin Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in the Testis and Unexpected Functional Differentiation of the Gonadotropins Endocrinology, May 1, 2010; 151(5): 2349 - 2360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 V. Lakshmikanthan, L. Zou, J. I. Kim, A. Michal, Z. Nie, N. C. Messias, J. L. Benovic, and Y. Daaka Identification of {beta}Arrestin2 as a corepressor of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer PNAS, June 9, 2009; 106(23): 9379 - 9384. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 C Harini, S B Sainath, and P S. Reddy Recovery of suppressed male reproduction in mice exposed to progesterone during embryonic development by testosterone Reproduction, March 1, 2009; 137(3): 439 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Walters, C. M. Allan, M. Jimenez, P. R. Lim, R. A. Davey, J. D. Zajac, P. Illingworth, and D. J. Handelsman Female Mice Haploinsufficient for an Inactivated Androgen Receptor (AR) Exhibit Age-Dependent Defects That Resemble the AR Null Phenotype of Dysfunctional Late Follicle Development, Ovulation, and Fertility Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 3674 - 3684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 R. Shao, K. Ljungstrom, B. Weijdegard, E. Egecioglu, J. Fernandez-Rodriguez, F.-P. Zhang, A. Thurin-Kjellberg, C. Bergh, and H. Billig Estrogen-induced upregulation of AR expression and enhancement of AR nuclear translocation in mouse fallopian tubes in vivo Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2007; 292(2): E604 - E614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Assinder, R. Davis, M. Fenwick, and A. Glover Adult-only exposure of male rats to a diet of high phytoestrogen content increases apoptosis of meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells Reproduction, January 1, 2007; 133(1): 11 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 C. D. Akpovi, S. R. Yoon, M. L. Vitale, and R-M. Pelletier The predominance of one of the SR-BI isoforms is associated with increased esterified cholesterol levels not apoptosis in mink testis J. Lipid Res., October 1, 2006; 47(10): 2233 - 2247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y Okuma, A E O'Connor, J A Muir, P G Stanton, D M de Kretser, and M P Hedger Regulation of activin A and inhibin B secretion by inflammatory mediators in adult rat Sertoli cell cultures J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 187(1): 125 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, C.-h. Wong, W. Xia, D. D. Mruk, N. P. Y. Lee, W. M. Lee, and C. Y. Cheng Regulation of Sertoli-Germ Cell Adherens Junction Dynamics via Changes in Protein-Protein Interactions of the N-Cadherin-{beta}-Catenin Protein Complex which Are Possibly Mediated by c-Src and Myotubularin-Related Protein 2: An in Vivo Study Using an Androgen Suppression Model Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1268 - 1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-H. Wong, W. Xia, N. P. Y. Lee, D. D. Mruk, W. M. Lee, and C. Y. Cheng Regulation of Ectoplasmic Specialization Dynamics in the Seminiferous Epithelium by Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins in Testosterone-Suppressed Rat Testes Endocrinology, March 1, 2005; 146(3): 1192 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 C.-L. Hsu, Y.-L. Chen, H.-J. Ting, W.-J. Lin, Z. Yang, Y. Zhang, L. Wang, C.-T. Wu, H.-C. Chang, S. Yeh, et al. Androgen Receptor (AR) NH2- and COOH-Terminal Interactions Result in the Differential Influences on the AR-Mediated Transactivation and Cell Growth Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 19(2): 350 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Pakarainen, F.-P. Zhang, S. Makela, M. Poutanen, and I. Huhtaniemi Testosterone Replacement Therapy Induces Spermatogenesis and Partially Restores Fertility in Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Knockout Mice Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 596 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. Selva, V. Hirsch-Reinshagen, B. Burgess, S. Zhou, J. Chan, S. McIsaac, M. R. Hayden, G. L. Hammond, A. W. Vogl, and C. L. Wellington The ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 mediates lipid efflux from Sertoli cells and influences male fertility J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2004; 45(6): 1040 - 1050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 M. Rahman, H. Miyamoto, and C. Chang Androgen Receptor Coregulators in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2004; 10(7): 2208 - 2219. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Wagner and R Claus Involvement of glucocorticoids in testicular involution after active immunization of boars against GnRH Reproduction, February 1, 2004; 127(2): 275 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 J. Bauer, S. Blumenthal, M. Reuber, and B. Stoffel-Wagner Epilepsy syndrome, focus location, and treatment choice affect testicular function in men with epilepsy Neurology, January 27, 2004; 62(2): 243 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 C. Y. Cheng and D. D. Mruk Cell Junction Dynamics in the Testis: Sertoli-Germ Cell Interactions and Male Contraceptive Development Physiol Rev, October 1, 2002; 82(4): 825 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Heinlein and C. Chang The Roles of Androgen Receptors and Androgen-Binding Proteins in Nongenomic Androgen Actions Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2002; 16(10): 2181 - 2187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 C. A. Heinlein and C. Chang Androgen Receptor (AR) Coregulators: An Overview Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2002; 23(2): 175 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 H. Roelants, F. Schneider, F. Goritz, J. Streich, and S. Blottner Seasonal Changes of Spermatogonial Proliferation in Roe Deer, Demonstrated by Flow Cytometric Analysis of c-kit Receptor, in Relation to Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, and Testosterone Biol Reprod, February 1, 2002; 66(2): 305 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 R.I. McLachlan, L. O'Donnell, S.J. Meachem, P.G. Stanton, D.M. de Kretser, K. Pratis, and D.M. Robertson Identification of Specific Sites of Hormonal Regulation in Spermatogenesis in Rats, Monkeys, and Man Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2002; 57(1): 149 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. O'Donnell, K. M. Robertson, M. E. Jones, and E. R. Simpson Estrogen and Spermatogenesis Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2001; 22(3): 289 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Consten, J. Bogerd, J. Komen, J.G.D. Lambert, and H.J.Th. Goos Long-Term Cortisol Treatment Inhibits Pubertal Development in Male Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L Biol Reprod, April 1, 2001; 64(4): 1063 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Lue, A. P. Sinha Hikim, C. Wang, M. Im, A. Leung, and R. S. Swerdloff Testicular Heat Exposure Enhances the Suppression of Spermatogenesis by Testosterone in Rats: The "Two-Hit" Approach to Male Contraceptive Development Endocrinology, April 1, 2000; 141(4): 1414 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Rose, R. E. Gaines Das, and A. H. Balen Definition and Measurement of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2000; 21(1): 5 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 S. Komori, H. Kasumi, R.-i. Kanazawa, K. Sakata, Y. Nakata, H. Kato, and K. Koyama CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene of infertile Japanese males with oligozoospermia Mol. Hum. Reprod., January 1, 1999; 5(1): 14 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
 J. E. B. Cavaco, C. Vilrokx, V. L. Trudeau, R. W. Schulz, and H. J.�T. Goos Sex steroids and the initiation of puberty in male African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 1998; 275(6): R1793 - R1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. MacCalman, S. Getsios, R. Farookhi, and O. W. Blaschuk Estrogens Potentiate the Stimulatory Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on N-Cadherin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Cultured Mouse Sertoli Cells Endocrinology, January 1, 1997; 138(1): 41 - 48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | CONTACT US | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
