The fluorescence-based real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is widely used for the quantification of steady-state mRNA levels and is a critical tool for basic research, molecular medicine and biotechnology. Assays are easy to perform, capable of high throughput, and can combine high sensitivity with reliable specificity. The technology is evolving rapidly with the introduction of new enzymes, chemistries and instrumentation. However, while real-time RT-PCR addresses many of the difficulties inherent in conventional RT-PCR, it has become increasingly clear that it engenders new problems that require urgent attention. Therefore, in addition to providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in real-time RT-PCR, this review has an additional aim: it will describe and discuss critically some of the problems associated with interpreting results that are numerical and lend themselves to statistical analysis, yet whose accuracy is significantly affected by reagent and operator variability.

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				R. P. Radcliff, B. L. McCormack, D. H. Keisler, B. A. Crooker, and M. C. Lucy Partial Feed Restriction Decreases Growth Hormone Receptor 1A mRNA Expression in Postpartum Dairy Cows J Dairy Sci, February 1, 2006; 89(2): 611 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. V. Nainan, G. Xia, G. Vaughan, and H. S. Margolis Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus Infection: a Molecular Approach Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 2006; 19(1): 63 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chen, D. A. Rider, and R. Ruan Identification of Valid Housekeeping Genes and Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression Change in the Aging Rat Liver J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, January 1, 2006; 61(1): 20 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Witek, K. Nielsen, R. Walters, T. Hyslop, J. Palazzo, S. Schulz, and S. A. Waldman The Putative Tumor Suppressor Cdx2 Is Overexpressed by Human Colorectal Adenocarcinomas Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2005; 11(24): 8549 - 8556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Tiedemann, B. Olander, E. Eklund, L. Todorova, M. Bengtsson, M. Maccarana, G. Westergren-Thorsson, and A. Malmstrom Regulation of the chondroitin/dermatan fine structure by transforming growth factor-{beta}1 through effects on polymer-modifying enzymes Glycobiology, December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1277 - 1285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Fiorani, A. L. Umbach, and J. N. Siedow The Alternative Oxidase of Plant Mitochondria Is Involved in the Acclimation of Shoot Growth at Low Temperature. A Study of Arabidopsis AOX1a Transgenic Plants Plant Physiology, December 1, 2005; 139(4): 1795 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Cheatham, J. Zheng, K. H. Huynh, G. G. Du, J. Gao, J. Zuo, E. Navarrete, and P. Dallos Cochlear function in mice with only one copy of the prestin gene J. Physiol., November 15, 2005; 569(1): 229 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Stewart, M. Desport, N. Hartaningsih, and G. Wilcox TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR and JDVp26 Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Quantify Jembrana Disease Virus Load during the Acute Phase of In Vivo Infection J. Clin. Microbiol., November 1, 2005; 43(11): 5574 - 5580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Luciani, S. Gelmini, E. Ferrante, A. Lania, S. Benvenuti, S. Baglioni, G. Mantovani, I. Cellai, F. Ammannati, A. Spada, et al. Expression of the Antiapoptotic Gene Seladin-1 and Octreotide-Induced Apoptosis in Growth Hormone-Secreting and Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6156 - 6161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. P. Choe, A. Kato, S. Hirose, C. Plata, A. Sindic, M. F. Romero, J. B. Claiborne, and D. H. Evans NHE3 in an ancestral vertebrate: primary sequence, distribution, localization, and function in gills Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): R1520 - R1534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Luquet, D. Weihrauch, M. Senek, and D. W. Towle Induction of branchial ion transporter mRNA expression during acclimation to salinity change in the euryhaline crab Chasmagnathus granulatus J. Exp. Biol., October 1, 2005; 208(19): 3627 - 3636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. During, H. D. Dawson, and E. H. Harrison Carotenoid Transport Is Decreased and Expression of the Lipid Transporters SR-BI, NPC1L1, and ABCA1 Is Downregulated in Caco-2 Cells Treated with Ezetimibe J. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 135(10): 2305 - 2312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]