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REVIEW |
J Woyach, Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
M Shah, Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
Correspondence: Manisha Shah, Email: manisha.shah{at}osumc.edu
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are a spectrum of cancers that range from one of the most indolent to one of the most aggressive solid tumors. Conventional therapies for thyroid cancers are based on the histologic type such as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer (differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)), medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). While surgery is one of the key treatments for all such types of thyroid cancers, additional therapies vary. Effective targeted therapy for DTC is a decades-old practice with systemic therapies of thyroid stimulating hormone suppression and radioactive iodine therapy. However, for the iodine-refractory DTC, MTC and ATC there is no effective systemic standard of care treatment. Recent advances in understanding pathogenesis of DTC and development of molecular targeted therapy have dramatically transformed the field of clinical research in thyroid cancer. Over the last five years, incredible progress has been made and phase I-III clinical trials have been conducted in various types of thyroid cancers with some remarkable results that has made an impact on lives of patients with thyroid cancer. Such history-making events have boosted enthusiasm and interest among researchers, clinicians, patients and sponsors and we anticipate ongoing efforts to develop more effective and safe therapies for thyroid cancer.
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